Mechanical waves, including sound waves.
Longitudinal
I cannot imagine what experiment you are referring to because sound ONLY travels through a medium. In space, no sound.
There are lots of things they don't transfer.
Sound travels through longitudinal waves, which means that the particles of the medium (such as air, water, or solids) vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave's propagation. This compression and rarefaction of the medium creates the sensation of sound when it reaches our ears.
Most forms of energy do NOT require a medium for transmission. There are several types of energy: 1. Magnetic 2. Gravitational 3. Electromagnetic 4. Nuclear Sound is the only one that requires a medium for transmission. 5. Sound Sound travels by vibrating the Particles in the matter that it is traveling through.
Oh, dude, it's like totally called a "medium." Not like the psychic kind, but like the substance that waves move through, you know? So, like, whether it's air for sound waves or water for ocean waves, that's the medium, man. So, yeah, that's the totally legit term for it.
No. Light also travels through air, water and glass, to give just a few examples.
No, it depends on the medium in which it travels.
Sound waves. No medium (matter) to carry it, no sound.
The only kind of wave that does not require a medium to pass through is an electromagnetic wave. These waves can travel through empty space and do not need a material medium for propagation. Examples of electromagnetic waves include light waves, radio waves, and X-rays.
Sound is only produced through vibrations. So if there was no air, there would be no sound. In other words, sound needs a medium to travel through, because it needs something to vibrate. The denser the medium, the faster and farther it travels.
Light actually travels in waves.This is known to be true because there are only 3 ways that energy can be transferred. As you probably already know, light does not need a medium to travel through because it travels through space. Electromagnetic waves are the only form of energy transfer that do not require a medium to travel through.