Most of our cuisine (once it's kosher) isn't bound by Jewish law. For that reason, there's a lot of variation in such a minor matter as what is served at meals.
1) These are necessary at Shabbat and festival meals: bread and wine. Slightly sweet, braided challah-bread is customary; as is sweet red wine.
2) These are long-established customs: fish (typically gefilte fish, and especially at the evening meal); and cholent at the morning meal. Cholent is a slow-cooked stew of barley, meat and beans, with other ingredients to taste, but each family adjusts the basic makeup of the cholent as they wish.
3) These are common: soup at the evening meal; especially chicken soup (that's the famous "Jewish chicken soup" with its reputed healing-properties). Egg salad with chopped onions, and/or chopped liver.
4) Other dishes, including dessert, will vary according to family or community habits and taste.
Tractate Shabbat Chapter 22 discusses various laws related to the observance of Shabbat, including the prohibition of extinguishing a fire, preparing food on Shabbat, and carrying objects between domains. It also addresses the concept of 'Muktzeh' or items that are set aside and cannot be handled on Shabbat.
Religiously observant Jews will never eat non-kosher foods, regardless of which day of the week it is. Less observant Jews will make a point to eat kosher food during Shabbat. Non-observant Jews usually don't pay any attention to whether or not the food they are eating is kosher.
different kinds of food menu different kinds of food menu
Kosher foods are any food that is prepared following the laws of kashrut (Jewish dietary laws). It is not a style of food. The type of dessert served during Shabbat would depend on the preferences and tastes of the individual.
The basic necessities for observing Shabbat are:Shabbat candles (at least 2) and an appropriate candle holder.Wine (grape juice is fine if you don't like wine) that is certified kosher.Two challot (plural of challah).Additionally, it's expected that we serve at least two different kinds of meat for the Shabbat dinner (Friday evening) [unless you are a vegetarian].And, as no cooking is allowed once Shabbat starts, many people use a slow cooker or Shabbat compliant oven (one that doesn't auto-shut off) to prepare a hot meal for lunch Shabbat day (Saturday) in advance.
Yes, food can be warmed during Shabbat. It can't be cooked from raw though.
They prepare their children for Shabbat and light the Shabbat candles.
"Shabbat Shalom!"
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).
After Shabbat, there is the Havdalah service.
Shabbat Shabbatot
Shabbat comes from the Hebrew word for sit/rest. Shabbat is the day of rest.