The SI prefixes are from Greek, including deka, hecta, kilo, and mega (10, 100, 1000, 1 million)
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The SI unit of mass is the kilogram. However the prefixes are based on the gram.
A miligram. Grams are an SI unit, so they go with all the standard SI prefixes.
No. The SI unit of length is the meter; the same unit with prefixes (such as millimeter and kilometer) is also used.
10 Newtons. See related question "What are the SI prefixes?"
For a Quick Chart about English Language prefixes and their meanings see the related link.
The prefix of a billion - in the sense of a thousand millions - is "Gega", abbreviated "G".
In the SI, the usual SI prefixes would be used for smaller units - prefixes such as milli, micro, etc.
Prefixes and suffixes come from various languages, including Latin, Greek, and Old English. Many English prefixes and suffixes have been borrowed from these languages and integrated into the English language over time.
Most prefixes come from either Latin or Greek.
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Prefixes are useful when describing SI units because they allow for easy conversion between different units of measurement by indicating a multiple or fraction of the base unit. This helps to express quantities in a more manageable and standardized way.