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Pogroms

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The official goal of the Nazi regime was Jewish?

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What did pogroms do that occurred in the late 19th century Russia do?

Pogroms in late 19th century Russia were violent riots aimed primarily at Jewish communities, resulting in widespread violence, looting, and murder. These events were fueled by rising anti-Semitic sentiments and societal tensions, often exacerbated by economic hardships and scapegoating. The pogroms led to significant loss of life and property, prompting many Jews to flee Russia, contributing to the larger Jewish diaspora and influencing the development of Zionism and other Jewish movements.


Why does France and not say Britain or Russia have the largest Jewish population in Europe and the second largest Jewish population outside Israel?

Before answering, it is worth noting that Britain and Russia are not far off from France in terms of Jewish population. France has roughly 500,000 Jews (3rd in the world), the United Kingdom has roughly 300,000 Jews (5th in the world), and Russia has roughly 250,000 Jews (6th in the World). As a result, it is not as if these countries do not have large Jewish populations as well, they just happen to be smaller than France. The bottom line is that France's Jewish population has increased while Britain's has remained level and Russia's has continually decreased over the last century. Prior to the Holocaust, there were roughly 350,000 Jews in France. By 1946, there were still 180,000 or so left. However, the majority of Jews in France today are not historically "French Jews". They are Jews from the Maghreb region (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) who fled to France to avoid the rising Anti-Semitism in these three countries. The situation was particularly acute in Algeria, where the Jews primarily lived with the Pied Noirs (French people who lived in Algeria) and were therefore subject to the recriminations that befell the Pied Noirs when the French accepted Algerian Independence in 1962. In total, it is estimated that about 235,000 North African Jews immigrated to France in the 1950s and 1960s. Hence, by 1968, Jews of North African origin were a majority of the Jews of France. The British Jewish population, although untouched by the Holocaust was not incredibly large to start with and has had a roughly flat growth rate, if not a small decline. The Jewish population was roughly 300,000 in 1946, just as it is today. The Russian Jewish population in Russia was as high as 5.1 million persons as late as 1897. However, successive pogroms in the early 20th century, mass emigration to the United States in the early 20th century (1.7 million persons), the Holocaust (roughly 2 million deaths), and Soviet repression of Jewish customs all led to Jews fleeing or dying. In the early 1990s, when Russia opened up emigration to Israel as an avenue for Russian Jews, Russia lost over 80% of its remaining Jewish population to emigrations to Israel. Israel now has a larger Russian Jewish community than Russia (with 900,000 persons).