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Most caves are in limestone, and their passagesare active or former stream-courses, the cavities themsleves having formed primarily by weakly-acidic rain water dissolving the limestone.

It takes tens or hundreds of thousands of years to do so. I think a rate of lowering or rock surface for a cave stream in Carboniferous Limestone in temperate climates can be around 2 or 3mm/100yrs.

There are other cave types such asLava Tubes, from molten rockrunning out from under a solidified crust, and Mass-Movement Fissures, which are a land-slip feature.

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11y ago
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4d ago

Passages in caves are typically formed through a process called dissolution, where underground water dissolves and erodes the rock over time, creating tunnels and caverns. This can happen when acidic water interacts with certain types of rock, such as limestone, to gradually create cave passages.ervoir.

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Q: What makes passages in caves?
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