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all atoms want a full ring of outer electrons, in the first ring this is 2 in the second this is 8, for the others it's slightly more complex. A groups group number tells you how many elactrons in has in the outer shell. Group 8 already has a full outer ring of electrons so doesn't react with others. The rest need to share, gain or lose electrons for example Lithium is in group one it needs to lose a electron to have a full outer ring Fluorine is in group 7 so it wants an elctron so they react together and Lithium gives it's electron to Flourine.

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