a galaxy is a group of stars.
A supercluster is a group of galaxy clusters, each of which in turn is a group of galaxies.
The term "weather" makes more sense for planets, than for entire galaxies.
Because that is what galaxies are "made" up of.
the universe is made up of galaxies
Gravity and inertia, mainly.
Elliptical galaxies tend to be reddish in color because they are made up of older stars that emit more red light. These galaxies have used up most of their gas and dust, resulting in a lack of ongoing star formation. This makes their overall color appear reddish compared to younger, bluer galaxies.
Yes. Our local group of galaxies is made up of 3 larger galaxies (milky-way, Andromeda and M33) and several smaller or dwarf galaxies.
You tend to end up with irregular galaxies
About 68% is dark energy and 27% is dark matter. The remaining 5% is baryonic matter, which includes our Earth, the galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space.
For a start, look up "Local Group" in the Wikipedia. This will show you a list of nearby galaxies.
Starburst galaxies are especially bright in infrared light because the high rate of star formation results in a lot of dust being heated up, which emits infrared light. This makes starburst galaxies stand out at these wavelengths compared to their normal counterparts.
spiral galaxies elliptical galaxies and irregular galaxies