/23 or 255.255.254.0
IntroductionBecause subnet masks can get very confusing, the creators of this wonderful network technology also made available a few things to make life somewhat easier.The following chart is really a summary of what we've seen so far. It gives you a good idea of the networks we can combine and the result we'd see.The Supernetting/CIDRchartThere are four columns available in our chart:The CIDR Block, the Supernet Mask, Number of Class C Networks and the Number of Hostscolumn.Class CCIDR BlockSupernet MaskNumber of Class C NetworksNumber of Hosts/14255.252.0.01024262144/15255.254.0.0512131072/16255.255.0.025665536/17255.255.128.012832768/18255.255.192.06416384/19255.255.224.0328192/20255.255.240.0164096/21255.255.248.082048/22255.255.252.041024/23255.255.254.02512/24255.255.255.01254/25255.255.255.1281/2126/26255.255.255.1921/462/27255.255.255.2241/832/28255.255.255.2401/1616/29255.255.255.2481/328/30255.255.255.2521/644I am going to explain the meaning of each column, although you probably already know most of them.The CIDR BlockThe CIDR Block simply represents the number of bits used for the subnet mask. For example,/14 means 14 bits assigned to the subnet mask, it is a lot easier telling someone you have a14 bit subnet mask rather than a subnet mask of 255.252.0.0 :)Note: In the above paragraph, I called the 14 bits as a subnet mask, when in fact it's a supernet mask, but because when you configure any network device, the field you will need to enter the value is usually named as the 'subnet mask', I decided to name it 'subnet mask' aswell, in order to avoid confusion.I'd like you to pay particular attention to the CIDR Block /24, and /25 to /30. These blocks are highlighted in yellow and blue because I want them to grab your attention :)When we use a CIDR Block of 24 (24 bit subnet mask) we are not Supernetting ! This is a default subnet mask for a Class C network. With CIDR Blocks /25 to /30 we are actuallySubnetting and not Supernetting !Now you might wonder why I have them in the chart. The fact is that those particular CIDR Blocks are valid, regardless of whether applying them to a network means we are Subnettingand not Supernetting. If you have dealt with any ISPs and IP Address assignments, chances are you would have been given your IP Addresses in CIDR format.A good example is if you wanted a permanent connection to your ISP and only required 2 IP Addresses, one for your router and one for your Firewall, you would be assigned one /30 CIDRBlock. With such a subnet mask you will have 4 IP Addresses, from which 2 will be reserved (one for the Network address and one for the Broadcast address) and you're left with 2 that you can assign to your hosts (router and firewall).The Supernet MaskBasically, this is your Subnet mask. When you configure the devices that will be attached to the specified network, this is the value you will enter as a Subnet mask. It's also the decimal value the CIDR Block specifies. For example, a /24 CIDR block means a 24 bit Subnet mask, which in its turn translates to 255.255.255.0 :) Simple stuff !Number of Class C NetworksThis number shows us how many Class C Networks are combined by using a specific Supernet mask or, if you like, CIDR Block. For example, the /24 CIDR Block, 255.255.255.0 Supernet mask is 1 Class C Network, whereas a /20 CIDR Block, 255.255.240.0 Supernet mask is 16 Class C networks.Number Of HostsThis value represents the number of hosts per Supernet. For example, when we use a /20CIDR Block, which means a Subnet (or Supernet) mask of 255.255.240.0, we can have up to4096 hosts. Pretty straightforward stuff.There is one thing you must be careful of though ! The value 4096 does not represent the valid, usable IP Addresses. If you wanted to find out how many of these IP Addresses you can actually use, in other words, assign to hosts, then you simply take 2 IP Addresses from that number (the first and last IP Address), so you're left with 4094 IP Addresses to play with :)Why take 2 away ? You shouldn't be asking questions like that if you have read the IP and Subnetting sections but I'll tell you anyway :) One is reserved for the Network Address and one for the Broadcast Address of that network !SummaryThat completes the explanation of the Supernetting/CIDR chart. You will see that Supernetting and Subnetting have quite a few things in common, and this is simply because they work on the same principle.Again, if you have the whole topic, or certain sections hard to understand, you should give yourself a small break, and then come back for another round :)
Which wildcard mask would specify all IP addresses from 192.168.8.0 through 192.168.15.255?
If this is a default subnet mask, then it would be a class C subnet mask. If you are subnetting a network and this is not the default subnet mask, then it could be either a class A or class B.
The maximum number of host bits that can be borrowed from a class A address is 22 (technically you could borrow 23 but the resulting network would be useless). A class A address uses 8 bits for its network address and 24 bits for its host addresses. Class A uses a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 You can only borrow 22 bits (instead of 24) because a valid network requires 4 addresses: A network address, two host addresses and a broadcast address. These networks would result in 30 bits used for the network address and 2 bits used for the host addresses. These networks use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.252
255.255.255.0 is the subnet mask that provides 256 addresses of which the first (0) and last (255), the broadcast addresses are excluded, leaving 254 usable addresses.
A class C network has a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and can have 254 IP addresses, for example from 192.168.0.1-192.168.0.255 A class B network has a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 and can have 255 X 254 IP addresses, for example from 192.168.0.1 - 192.168.255.255
The default subnet mask would be 255.255.0.0 for a class B address.
The IP address 201.18.0.0 belongs to Class C. In Classful networking, Class C addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 and are typically used for small to medium-sized networks. The first octet (201) indicates that it falls within this range. Class C addresses have a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
If your address is not subnetted, then the default subnet mask would be used. For this class address, it would be 255.0.0.0
That address belongs to RoadRunner internet who is likely to be using complex network scopes, or even single addresses. Because of that the subnet mask is impossible to predict. IF (and I'm sure you're not) you were to address the entire Class B subnet, the available addresses would be 24.172.0.0 - 24.172.255.255 and THAT subnet would be 255.255.0.0
Subnet Mask provides Network & Class Identificationfor an IP Address.
255.0.0.0 for a class A correct. but why? well, 10.10.0.0 is a class a network and all class "a" networks use a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. the range of class "a" networks is 1-126.