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Per http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=167467, the equation for the burst speed of a material (that is the maximum tangential speed of a point on a rotating body made of the material, beyond which stress from inertia will rip the body apart) is:

V=√(8S/((3+ν)ρ))

Where...

V is burst speed,

S is ultimate tensile strength,

ν is Poisson's ratio

ρ is density

That said, plugging in the values for Ti6Al4V (grade 5 Titanium) results in an estimated burst speed of 716 m/s...

S = 950 MPa

ν = .342

ρ = 4430 kg / m3

V =716 m/s

I've not yet been able to find a material that can top that. It's important also to note that some materials such as composites may appear to be able to provide a higher burst speed but because stress in a burst-speed-type scenario would be applied in every direction, the minimum UTS (depending on varied fiber direction) would have to be considered.

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