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A bell, a coil with an iron core, a striker-spring, a fixed switch-contact and two brass terminals were probably all mounted on a polished or varnished wooden base.
The bell was probably made of brass, the spring of the striker was probably made of tempered steel and its "pole-piece" was probably a small piece of iron mounted about half-way along the striker-spring.
One end of the striker-spring was fixed to the wooden base-board of the bell. The other end of the striker-spring probably carried a small piece of brass mounted so as to strike the bell. That small piece of brass was called the "striker".
The coil was probably made of very thin insulated copper wire wound around an iron core.
The striker-spring also carried a switch contact which could touch the fixed switch-contact (which was mounted on the base-board) only when the striker was at rest i.e. when its pole-piece was not being attracted to the iron core of the coil.
The electric bell's circuit was probably set up to connect the "+" side of the battery to one terminal of the bell-push. The other terminal of the bell-push was connected to one of a pair of brass terminals mounted on the base-board and that terminal was connected to the striker-spring's switch-contact.
The fixed switch-contact on the base-board was connected to one end of the coil. The other end of the coil was connected to the other brass terminal from where it was connected to the "-" side of the battery.
The battery might have been put into a separate battery box if it was made up from some 'C' cells or similar. If they didn't use small cells they may have used an old-style very heavy glass "accumulator" and it would probably have been placed on the floor somewhere out of the way, such as in a larder or a pantry.
When the bell-push was pressed, current flowed:
- from the battery to the striker-spring's contact and then
- via the contact fixed to the base-board to
- the coil, so that
- its iron core would be magnetized and
- it attracted the striker's pole-piece.
- That made the striker (on the "free" end of the striker-spring) strike the bell and also the
- contacts opened to break the circuit, allowing the striker, under the influence of its spring, to
- move away from bell and the coil's core.
- This "going-back" movement of the striker would re-connect the circuit (via the striker-spring's moving switch-contact and the base-board's fixed switch-contact) and
- the coil's core would again attract the striker-spring's pole-piece and thus
- ring the bell again and also break the circuit again.
Those "to-and-fro" movements of the striker-spring would continue to ring the bell for as long as the bell-push was pressed.
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