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Nuclear reactors are usually shielded with borated reinforced concrete alternating with layers of lead plates. Thus the shielding is composed of:

  • boron, a metalloid, absorbs neutrons
  • concrete, a mixture, attenuates x-rays & gamma rays, the water in it slows neutrons making it easier for the boron to absorb them
  • lead, a dense metal, attenuates x-rays & gamma rays
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