What must exist for current electricity to occur?

Answer 1

The distinctions which are thought to exist between static electricity and current electricity are unfounded and , if subjected to a rational examination , patently absurd.

Static electricity maybe described as an unequal distribution of charge (either excess positive or negative charge ) on a conductor , which results in an electrical force existing at right angles to the plane of the surface of the conductor. In a spherical conductor this results in the lines of force acting as though they emanated from the centre of the sphere. Thus to all practical purposes a spherical conductor behaves like a point charge. The electrical force or lines of force referred to above , are infact linked together chains of photons , the presence of which are representative of an electromagnetic field. Thus a corollary of an unequal distribution of charge on a conductor (i.e static electricity ) is that it always results , as shall be shown experimentally , in the formation of an electromagnetic field and not an electric field as hitherto been widely held . An unequal distribution of electric charge can never be left unresolved , hence the formation of an electromagnetic field linking positively charged points to negatively charged points , in effect forming an electric di-pole and neutralising the effects of the excess charge. This explanation should itself be sufficient to establish the truth of this theory , for while present theory merely observes that "lines of force " exist when either an excess positive or negative charge is present on a conductor , it offers no explanation for the existence for these lines of force. Why haven't these electromagnetic fields been detected before ? As is only too often the case , they have been detected but have been attributed to other causes. Another reason for this lack of clarity is that it is not commonly known that static electric fields are the result of infinitesimal amounts of electrical charge , most often in the nanoamp or billionth of a Coulomb range. The largest amount of electrical charge ever forced onto an isolated electrical conductor was about 0.25 Coulombs , resulting in a Potential difference of 2 x 10 6 Volts , loaded onto a 10ft. dia Van De Graf generator , remember that this represents a surface area of 1256 sq. ft. The electromagnetic field formed by a static charge is a reactive field . The experiment to prove that static electricity results in an electromagnetic field is as follows. Two metal plates of equal size are glued onto a glass plate side by side , charged with opposite signs of charge and isolated. If iron filings are sprinkled on the glass plate they will delineate the lines of force between the metal plates , similarly a compass needle will also be deflected along the lines of force. This field is indistinguishable from a reactive ( as opposed to radiative ) electromagnetic field . The presence of static electricity always gives rise to an electromagnetic field and not to an electric field as has hitherto been postulated.

An unequal distribution of charge cannot be left unresolved . even if the resolution takes place at an infinite distance from the conductor bearing the excess charge. The conclusion to be drawn from this are :-

(a) Just as there are no pure magnetic fields , so also are there no pure electric fields.

(b) Lines of force are not imaginary or hypothetical phenomenon but have a real existence in the form of chains of linked or connected photons.

Answer

A potential difference is necessary for current to flow.