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Several things: * The age of the Moon * The composition of the Moon * A new theory of the origin of the Moon where developed
The Apollo missions helped us learn a good deal about the moon, but not all that there is to know. For one thing, they only explored small portions of the moon's surface. Additionally, we now have technology that we did not have during the Apollo missions which we can use to study the moon.
nothing
They founnd the moon to be baren and lonely, with no water there.
Budget cuts
As Apollo 13 had to cancel led their moon landing , they could not bring any information on the moon back.
to learn more about it!
Primarily the moon's age and geological makeup. They verified that the moon was indeed created from a massive impact between the newly-formed earth and a mars sized proto-planet which spread millions of tons of debris into orbit around the earth. That debris eventually bound together to form our moon.
Atmosphere types, distance from the earth, what the sand or dust is, gravitational pull, how oxygenated the air is, could we live there?, literally everything
Death of three astronautsLots of information about the moon and spaceflightAccurate measurements of the distance to the Moon (they left a retro-reflector on the Moon which scientists could reflect laser pulses from)Lots of PR for the United States
to make sure they have the correct data and to collect more information about the moon that they haven't collected yet
They learned how the moon and sun and other planets work.