Supernova. There are Chinese and European accounts from centuries ago of "guest stars," new stars that appeared and faded from view. We can see the expanding remnants of those supernova today--one is the Crab Nebula.
Planets
All sight its based on the light that objects either emit, reflect, or refract. The stars are little different in this regard. We judge distance using a number of different cues, a number of which indicate that the stars are far away.More distant objects will tend to appear smaller. The stars appear small.Any object that blocks a portion of the sky will block the stars from view, so we know the stars are more distant than those objects.When we move, objects we are looking at appear to change position relative to us. The farther away they are, the smaller the change. No matter how much we move there is no apparent change in the position of the stars, meaning they must be very far away.Indeed, the stars are much farther away than they appear to be as we are not able to perceive such distances directly.
Stars would appear much like our Sun when viewed at closer range and most would have planets and other objects orbiting them.
No. Stars are not fixed objects.
A galaxy is a massive collection of billions of stars, whereas a constellation is a group of stars (Sometimes other objects) that appear to form a pattern in the sky.
stars dont move, but as we move they appear to.
Astronology is the study of the moon, stars and other objects in space.
It is a number of astronomical objects which may be stars, galaxies or other large radiant objects.
Light given off by those objects are distorted by our atmosphere.
All stars eventually turn into Red Giants or Super Giants
http://www.duke.edu/~teb/stars/
They are not actually, moving, they just appear to be moving because we are. Consider that if you are on a train moving forward, objects that you pass by appear to move toward the read of the train.