What observation supports the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Heat?

Answer 1

Heat transfer is the process whereby heat is transferred from one medium to another. for example in a PWR power plant, heat is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit in a form of heat exchanger, which is basically a matrix of tubes. In this case heat is transferred from hot water at high pressure to water/steam at a lower pressure. In your car radiator heat is transferred from the engine coolant water to the ambient air. For design purposes engineers want to know how much heat can be transferred in a heat exchanger of a certain design, so they use a heat transfer coefficient which simply says how much heat will be transferred per second per degree temperature difference, for the physical arrangement involved.

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving body. If its mass is M kg and speed V meters/sec, its kinetic energy is 1/2 x M x V2 Joules

Answer 2

The theory for ideal gases makes the following assumptions:

• The gas consists of very small particles, all with non-zero mass.
• The number of molecules is large such that statistical treatment can be applied.
• These molecules are in constant, random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with the walls of the container.
• The collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container holding them are perfectly elastic.
• The interactions among molecules are negligible. They exert no forces on one another except during collisions.
• The total volume of the individual gas molecules added up is negligible compared to the volume of the container. This is equivalent to stating that the average distance separating the gas particles is large compared to their size.
• The molecules are perfectly spherical in shape, and elastic in nature.
• The average kinetic energy of the gas particles depends only on the temperature of the system.
• Relativistic effects are negligible.
• Quantum-mechanical effects are negligible. This means that the inter-particle distance is much larger than the thermal de Broglie wavelength and the molecules are treated as classical objects.
• The time during collision of molecule with the container's wall is negligible as comparable to the time between successive collisions.
• The equations of motion of the molecules are time-reversible.

More modern developments relax these assumptions and are based on the Boltzmann equation. These can accurately describe the properties of dense gases, because they include the volume of the molecules. The necessary assumptions are the absence of quantum effects, molecular chaos and small gradients in bulk properties. Expansions to higher orders in the density are known as virial expansions. The definitive work is the book by Chapman and Enskog but there have been many modern developments and there is an alternative approach developed by Grad based on moment expansions.[citation needed] In the other limit, for extremely rarefied gases, the gradients in bulk properties are not small compared to the mean free paths. This is known as the Knudsen regime and expansions can be performed in the Knudsen number.

The kinetic theory has also been extended to include inelastic collisions in granular matter by Jenkins and others

Answer 3

Brownian motion. When colloidal particles are present in a liquid these particles are found to move at random. This random motion is due to bombardment of liquid molecules on the particles. So it is evident that the molecules of a liquid are at random motion at temperatures higher the zero kelvin. This led to the formation of kinetic theory of gases by Clausius and other scientists.

Answer 4

Kinetic and thermal energy are examples of the same phenomenon, but on different scales. On the macro scale (in the visible universe), kinetic energy describes the amount of energy a body has because it is in motion in relation to the frame of reference. A batted Baseball, for example, has kinetic energy as it speeds through the infield.

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On the micro scale (the infinitesimally small universe we cannot see), thermal energy describes particles (atoms, molecules, etc) in constant motion. Particles with thermal energy vibrate in place - they don't move along a path like a baseball does. As the intensity of the vibration increases - that is, as the particles gain more kinetic energy - the amount of thermal energy also increases.

Answer 5

potential energy- is derived chemically from something kinetic energy-is derived from something by the motion the object has thermal energy-is derived by heat or cold

Answer 6

Heat is a function of the velocity of all the molecules of a substance.

Answer 7

Kinetic theory of heat is basically the kinetic theory of gas and matter which shows that heat is generated by atoms and molecules inside an object or a substance.

Answer 8

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is the energy an object which it possesses.

Potential?***