elephant poo. Lot's of elephant poo.
The Mediterranean Sea and the Alps.
During Hannibal's campaign in Italy, Rome faced significant challenges, including the threat of invasion as Hannibal's forces won several key battles, such as the Battle of Cannae in 216 BCE. This led to widespread panic and defections among Rome's allies, undermining its military strength. Additionally, the Roman military struggled to respond effectively to Hannibal's tactical brilliance and his ability to maneuver through the Italian countryside. The prolonged conflict drained resources and tested the resilience of Roman society.
the most famous carthaginian leader to face Rome was Hannibal Barca (247-182BC). But there were others who fought Rome like Hasdrubal the Fair, Marhabal, Hanno the Great, hamilcar barca etc
He was able to maintain his position in Italy for 14 years in the face of overwhelming numerical supperiority of Rome and its allies. He achieved this not by attacking the city, for which he had insufficient resources, but by his efforts to detach some of Rome's allies to his own side. This only came to an end when Rome, taking the strategy of the indirect approach, landed an army in North Africa threatening Carthage, which latter called him and his army home to defend the city.
Church groups actively worked against her efforts
hannibal, face and murdoch
Hannibal
He had a strategic grasp which overshone his opponents, and was able to apply what we today call the principles of was both strategically and tactically to overcome the Roman Empire's efforts against him He did this with forces less than that available to Rome and was defeated in the end by an equally astute Roman general who brought the contest down to a single battlefield where he could compel Hannibal to face his superior force.
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fights
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