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There were a few events that he took advantage of to become the leader of the Islamic Caliphate. Firstly, he pressured Caliph 'Ali unreasonably about the assassination of his kinsman, the former Caliph 'Othman. Secondly, after declaring war on 'Ali, he managed to trick 'Ali into declaring that he was unfit to be Caliph which lost him the support of Khawarijites in Egypt. Finally, Mu'awiya defeated 'Ali's armies while (separately) a Khawarijite zealot assassinated him.

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