It happens when a star loses hydrogen
A massive star. Usually any star with more that 9 solar masses will explode as a supernova.
No. Only the most massive stars explode.
The answer depends on the original mass of the star. If it was not too massive, it will shrink to a dwarf star. If it was sufficiently massive, it will explode as a nova. A really massive star, exploding as a supernova, will leave behind either a neutron star, a pulsar or a black hole.
A supernova occurs at the end of a massive star's life cycle.
No, quite the opposite, it would cause a star to implode.
The biggest star - VY Canis Majoris IS in a red supergiant phase and will explode as a massive supernova.
A Galaxy could not explode. An individual star can, and does, but a Galaxy consists of billions of stars quite widely separated.
Any stars less massive than our sun do not explode in a supernova. They will slowly cool down and burn out forming an "ember" (a.k.a. white dwarf).
its not a massive or a dwarf star
A massive collapsed star is a dead star.
Because a massive star has more pressure on the core, this creates greater temperatures, which increase the amount of nuclear fusion that occurs. This uses more hydrogen and thus the star runs out of fuel much quicker, that a smaller star.
When smaller stars explode (like our Sun), they leave a nebula cloud by releasing their gas and they become a small but dense white dwarf star.When big stars explode (like Betelgeuse), they have a massive explosion called a supernova and the core of the star turns into a black hole or a pulsar.