The potential difference is provided by the power source, which can be a battery or some form of electric generator. Inside the source, electric charges are raised up a potential gradient, and they then give up their energy as they travel down the potential gradient in the circuit that is being supplied with energy.
The power source
The voltage divider circuit is a network of two or more components in series, often resistors, between a potential difference. The voltage between the components will be somewhere between the potential difference across the whole network and so divides the total voltage into one or more intermediate voltages.
An electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the open-circuit, or no-load, potential difference provided by a source -such as a battery or generator. For a closed circuit, an e.m.f. is the sum of the voltage-drops around any closed loop, including the internal voltage drop of the source.A potential difference (voltage) can exist across any circuit component. For example, the fact that current is flowing through each of several resistors in a series circuit means that there must be an individual potential difference across each of those resistors (which we also term 'voltage drop').An electromotive force is the name we give to the open-circuit potential difference provided by a generator, battery, etc. For example, the open circuit potential difference of a battery would be its electromotive force.So, if we use a series resistive circuit as an example, the battery would provide the electromotive force, while voltage drops would then appear across its internal resistance, and across each of the resistances. The magnitude of the electromotive force is then equal (but acting in the opposite sense) to the sum of the voltage drops, including the internal voltage drop.Many textbooks use the symbol, E, to represent an electromotive force, and V to represent potential difference. So, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, for example, will often be seen written as: E = V1 + V2 + V3 + etc.
Circuits are not made of voltages, they are made of loops. A short circuit exists when a connection is added that is not supposed to be part of the intended circuit as designed. This added connection produces extra loops in the circuit that typically prevent current from reaching parts of the circuit where it is needed and can cause excessive current to flow in other parts of the circuit, resulting in damage to the components in the circuit.
A diode-clipping circuit is used to skip some portion of the signal (e.g. the half way/full way rectifiers rectify the '-ve' or '+ve' part of the signal). A diode-clamping circuit is used to add some signals to the original signal.
A small capacitor can be part of an integrated circuit.
A battery or a generator.
A voltmeter is used to measure potential difference across two points in an electrical circuit . The voltmeter is connected in parallel across the circuit element (resistance ) so that its inclusion in the circuit has negligible effect on total resistance and current flowing in yhe circuit A voltmeter has high resistance,if connected in series it will increase of circuit and reduce the current in the circuit
Battery.
Electricity flows where there is a potential difference and some means of discharging that difference. A circuit is the loop of the thing causing the potential difference and the components that allow it to discharge. What seems to be confusing you is that the power source isn't always included in a circuit diagram. If you think in terms of a lighting circuit, the light comes on when the switch is closed. The part of the circuit inside your house only has the mains supply, some power switchgear, the light switch and the light. However, the circuit continues back through the supply cables to the generating station. Break the circuit at any point, in your house, under the street or a wire in the generator, and out goes the light.
Potential Difference is the difference in electric potential energy per coulomb of charge at one point of a circuit compared to the charge at another point in a circuit. Potential difference, or voltage, is a way of describing the energy of an electric field without using test charges. In circuits, potential difference is the difference in voltage from one part of a circuit to another. It can also be described by ohms law where the Voltage=Current*Resistance In electrostatics, potential difference is the line integral of the electric field from one point to another with respect to distance.
A volt meter will be able to do this operation.
The voltage divider circuit is a network of two or more components in series, often resistors, between a potential difference. The voltage between the components will be somewhere between the potential difference across the whole network and so divides the total voltage into one or more intermediate voltages.
An electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the open-circuit, or no-load, potential difference provided by a source -such as a battery or generator. For a closed circuit, an e.m.f. is the sum of the voltage-drops around any closed loop, including the internal voltage drop of the source.A potential difference (voltage) can exist across any circuit component. For example, the fact that current is flowing through each of several resistors in a series circuit means that there must be an individual potential difference across each of those resistors (which we also term 'voltage drop').An electromotive force is the name we give to the open-circuit potential difference provided by a generator, battery, etc. For example, the open circuit potential difference of a battery would be its electromotive force.So, if we use a series resistive circuit as an example, the battery would provide the electromotive force, while voltage drops would then appear across its internal resistance, and across each of the resistances. The magnitude of the electromotive force is then equal (but acting in the opposite sense) to the sum of the voltage drops, including the internal voltage drop.Many textbooks use the symbol, E, to represent an electromotive force, and V to represent potential difference. So, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, for example, will often be seen written as: E = V1 + V2 + V3 + etc.
It is the component that brings the potential in the form of voltage to the load.
Either the cell e.g. a battery, if one is included in the circuit. Or a generator such as a dynamo
Circuits are not made of voltages, they are made of loops. A short circuit exists when a connection is added that is not supposed to be part of the intended circuit as designed. This added connection produces extra loops in the circuit that typically prevent current from reaching parts of the circuit where it is needed and can cause excessive current to flow in other parts of the circuit, resulting in damage to the components in the circuit.
A diode-clipping circuit is used to skip some portion of the signal (e.g. the half way/full way rectifiers rectify the '-ve' or '+ve' part of the signal). A diode-clamping circuit is used to add some signals to the original signal.