The word brusqueness is a noun. It is the act of being brusque.
Cavorted belongs to the part of speech called the verb.
Belong is a verb.
The word hers is a pronoun. It is that which belongs to her.
With a brusqueness quite unlike her, Melanie ended the phone conversation.
It's a possessive pronoun. That means that it is a pronoun, but it is something or belongs to someone.
The word "cite" is a verb. It is used to refer to quoting or referencing a source of information in written work or speech.
It is a possessive noun. It tells us the plan belongs to God
Yesterday is an adverb in that sentence.
The word atone is a verb. The past tense is atoned.
Each word in the phrase belongs to some part of speech. "Daedalus" and "Icarus" are proper nouns. "Son" is a common noun. "And" is a conjunction. "Is" is a verb.
The word "worn" belongs to two parts of speech. It is the past participle of the irregular verb "to wear". It can also be used as an adjective, e.g. "Her clothes looked worn and shabby".
If you mean the part of speech, it is a noun. If you mean the etymology, it comes from Greek.