Its a noun. Since it is being used as a thing in this phrase, it is considered to be a noun.
Noun, and part of an adjectival phrase.
subject
noun
The part of speech for this particular word is a noun.
part of speech
The Renaissance is a time period, thus... Noun.
The word yesterday is an adverb.
It is a verb. Example: He lingered a long time at the cafeteria.
The part of speech for "answer" is a noun.
what part of speech is beneath
adverb
No, a word cannot be two parts of speech at the same time. A word has a specific part of speech based on its function in a sentence, such as noun, verb, adjective, etc.