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You can tell if a substance is an element or not by it's atoms. If it's a pure element, it will only have one type of atom (e.g. Copper atoms). If it's not an element it will have two or more types of atoms in it (e.g. Copper, Carbon and Lithium atoms).

You can tell which element an atom is by the amount of electrons it has (atomic number) For Example:

Hydrogen: 1 electron: Atomic Number 1

Helium: 2 electrons: Atomic Number 2

Molybdenum: 42 electrons: Atomic Number 42

Seaborgium: 106 electrons: Atomic Number 106

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