The distant universe is seen as it was when the light we see now left it, this is as much as 13 to 15 billion years ago.
I don't think that it's possible to do that.
for an individual, no for a species, yes the DNA in individuals of a given species does contain information about the evolutionary past of that species
No, at least, that doesn't seem likely. The information "is somehow there", but not in a way that can be recovered systematically. Of course, in special cases, you can deduce something about the past.
huge...millions
No, it is not possible to change the past. Once the fabric of time has been woven it is irrevocable. The present is the product of the past.
The universe does contain "information about everyone's past". Your school probably has records of your past grades in a file cabinet somewhere, and since that file cabinet and the records in it are part of "the universe", there you go.In the grander scheme of things, there definitely is other information not dependent on human record-keeping. For example, if you were walking in the park one fine day and tripped over a rock, the light waves that bounced off you towards the sky are still out there somewhere traveling towards the distant stars, and could conceivably be picked up by some alien telescope one day.The problem is in picking out the "signal" from the "noise"; the further away (and/or further back in time, which is more or less the same thing) something is, the harder it is to detect.
That is considered Historical Fiction.
DNA contains some such information, but identifying it and what it means will be very difficult. It is much easier to identify what DNA specifies about making proteins now.
There is a part that's called financial section. In here you include past and current financial statements, as well as future predictions and estimates.
Yes. That's what telescopes allow (and require) that you do. The reason is that the speed of light is finite, so you never see "now", but what happened in the past.
An almanac is a book published annually that contains information about the past year, such as statistics, events, and trends. It serves as a reference guide for various topics including weather, sports, and notable occurrences.
The universe was hotter in the past due to the Big Bang event which marked the beginning of the universe. As it expanded and cooled over time, galaxies, stars, and planets formed.