The visual spectrum (what you can see; what people in general can see) of light on the Earth is from around (violet) 390 to about (red) 700, as measured in nanometers. A nanometer is 10-9 meter (very small).
Spectrum
The bands of the electromagnetic spectrum from short to long wavelengths are: gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves.
The dark bands are caused from the differnet chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths.
The division of the radio and microwave spectrum into bands of different wavelengths allows for efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Different technologies and applications require specific wavelengths for optimal performance. Organizing them into bands helps prevent interference between different systems operating at the same time.
The series of color bands formed after light passes through a prism is called a spectrum. This spectrum is created due to the dispersion of light into its component colors based on their wavelengths.
An incandescent light bulb produces a continuous spectrum of light, which includes a wide range of wavelengths across the visible spectrum, as well as infrared and some ultraviolet light. This type of spectrum is characterized by smooth transitions between colors, lacking distinct lines or bands. The light is primarily generated by heating a metal filament, typically tungsten, until it glows, emitting light across a broad range of wavelengths. As a result, the light appears warm and has a yellowish hue.
The short answer is these bands represent the (frequency) wavelengths which correspond to orbital configurations for the atom (matter). Absorption is used to identify chemical bonds of elements & compounds by radiating a substance across a range of frequencies & measuring the magnitude of the signal at these frequencies in chemical analysis of a sample. Emission is based upon the same principle except that the substance is heated to the point that it emits radiation (light).
An emission spectrum can be produced by a solid, liquid, or gas. This type of spectrum consists of bright lines or bands of specific wavelengths emitted when electrons in the material transition to lower energy levels.
The emission spectrum of barium nitrate typically includes several bands of light in the visible region, with some lines in the blue-green part of the spectrum being the most prominent. The specific wavelengths and intensities of these lines can vary depending on the experimental conditions.
Atomic spectrum is produced when atoms emit or absorb light at specific energies, creating distinct lines or bands. Solar spectrum is the continuous spectrum of light emitted by the Sun, containing all wavelengths of light. Solar spectrum is produced by many elements and compounds in the Sun's atmosphere, creating a broad, continuous range of colors.
An absorption spectrum is produced when a substance absorbs specific wavelengths of light as it passes through it. This absorption results in the dark lines or bands seen in the spectrum, which can be used to identify the elements present in the substance.
Larger gases like neon have more energy levels available for electrons to transition between, resulting in more color bands in their emission spectrum. In contrast, smaller gases like hydrogen have fewer energy levels, leading to fewer distinct color bands.