.Any underlying medical condition, such as high blood pressure.is treated prior to bypass surgery.Regular medications.may be discontinued in some patients. Routine pre-operative blood and urine tests are performed when the patient is admitted.
.Such routine preoperative preparations, as not eating or drinking after midnight on the night before surgery are typically ordered for a segmentectomy.
The patient is given an injection an hour before surgery to encourage drowsiness.
Before sclerotherapy for esophageal varices, the patient's vital signs and other pertinent data are recorded, an intravenous line is inserted to administer fluid or blood, and a sedative is prescribed.
Prior to admission.the patient will be given a hearing test to measure the degree of deafness, and a full ear, nose, and throat exam. Most surgeons prefer to use general anesthesia; in this case, an injection will be given to the patient before surgery.
The progesterone and testosterone tests require a blood sample. The estrogen fraction test can be performed on blood and/or urine. It is not necessary for the patient to restrict food or fluids for either test.
.an initial consultation to record the patients medical history and treatment background and discuss goals for therapy.an EEG is taken.one or more sensors will be attached to the patient's body with conductive gel and/or adhesives.
The patient removes any clothing and jewelry above the chest.
The specimen for culture should be collected before antibiotics are begun. The patient should first rinse his or her mouth with water. If tuberculosis is suspected, collection of sputum should be carried out in an isolation room.
The patient is to withhold food and fluids for at least eight hours before the test. Biopsy is contraindicated in uncooperative patients, those taking aspirin or anticoagulants, and in those with uncontrolled bleeding disorders.
Chronological age greater than 70 or physiologic age greater than 65Life threatening illness that despite transplant will limit survival to less than 5 years despite therapyHigh risk or severely symptomatic carotid or peripheral vascular disease that is not amenable to correctionHIV infectionSevere pulmonary disease that will likely result in the patient being ventilator dependent after transplantRelative contraindications include the following:Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with significant neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathySevere asymptomatic peripheral vascular diseasePatients with body mass index > or = 35Psychological impairmentActive alcohol abuse without an attempt to stopEvidence of noncompliance with accepted medical practicesLack of social support network that can make long term commitment for patient's welfareCigarette smoking when the patient makes no attempt to stopUnrealistic expectations by the patient or family regarding transplant, its risks, and benefits
testosterone tests require a blood sample; it is not necessary for the patient to restrict food or fluids before the test. Testosterone specimens should be drawn in the morning, as testosterone levels are highest in the early morning hours.
The test requires collection of a blood sample. The patient must be fasting (nothing to eat or drink) for 12 hours, be adequately hydrated, and limit physical activity for 10-12 hours before the test.