This is properly called "freezing". Occasionally, it can be called "solidifying", but that's not really correct.
Yes.
it causes all to under go a phase change. solids change into liquids by melting, liquids turn into gas by evaporation and......well, i have no freakin idea how gas changes actually
Solids become liquids. A phase change.
solid and liquid
Solids
Gases
Covalent compounds can be solids, liquids or gases.
changes from one state to another without a change in chemical composition
Light travels in the air phase of matter compared to the liquids and solids.
In general matter expands its temperature and volume with heat.This heat energy causes an increase of energy internal to the matter that expands its volume: solids melt to liquids, liquids expand to gases; and gases transform to plasma. At phase temperatures the matter changes form with no change in temperature;
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more liquids, only one phase. When another phase exist (for example solids, immiscible liquids) this is not a true solution.
When the temperature of gases, many liquids, and most solids increases, their particles gain kinetic energy and move more vigorously. For gases, this often leads to an increase in pressure if the volume is constant, while liquids may expand slightly. Solids generally do not change their volume significantly, but they can become more malleable or change phase if the temperature is high enough. Overall, increased temperature typically results in expansion and changes in state or behavior.