Lowland equatorial climates.
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The temperatures on earth are very cold and very hot
Places on Earth are not equally cold due to variations in latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water, and ocean currents. These factors influence the amount of sunlight, temperature, and precipitation a region receives, resulting in a range of different climates and temperatures across the globe.
Places near the poles receive less direct sunlight due to the tilt of Earth's axis, leading to colder temperatures year-round. Additionally, the cold polar air remains trapped due to the Earth's rotation and atmospheric circulation patterns. The presence of ice and snow in polar regions also reflects sunlight, further reducing temperatures.
Mercury has no seasons, and would not have them even if it were Earth-like (which it is not). This is because it does not have a tilt as great as Earth has, compared to its orbital plane. However, Mercury also has no real atmosphere. And most places on the surface experience 88 Earth days of searing heat followed by 88 Earth days of incredible cold. So there is no temperate zone to experience a yearly cycle of seasonal temperatures based on changes in the solar angle.
Desert climates typically have more extreme temperatures, with very hot days and very cold nights due to low humidity and lack of cloud cover. Additionally, polar climates also experience extreme temperature fluctuations, with frigid cold temperatures in winter and milder temperatures in summer due to the tilt of the Earth's axis.
Antarctica and the Arctic region are consistently cold due to their polar climates and icy environments. These areas experience extremely low temperatures and harsh winter conditions year-round.
The Antarctic region is the all-inclusive origin of cold on Earth.
The temperate region refers to areas on Earth that experience mild and moderate temperatures, typically with distinct seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. These regions are characterized by a balance between warm and cold temperatures, often supporting diverse ecosystems.
Earth can get as hot as about 136°F (58°C), as seen in places like Death Valley, California. On the other hand, it can get as cold as around -128.6°F (-89.2°C), as recorded in Antarctica. These extreme temperatures are influenced by factors such as location, climate, and seasonal variations.
Antarctica is typically extremely cold with temperatures ranging from -80°F to 14°F (-62°C to -10°C). It is also one of the driest places on Earth, receiving very little precipitation. Winds can be strong and harsh, making the already cold temperatures feel even colder.
The North and South Poles are the coldest places on Earth because they receive the least amount of sunlight due to their extreme tilt away from the sun. This results in very low temperatures and little to no warmth reaching these regions, making them extremely cold.