I think the planet you are thinking of is Mercury.
if we didn't have an atmosphere during the day our planet would be very hot and during the night our planet would be very cold
It is very close to the sun so that is why it is hot during the day. But on the side of the planet not exposed to the suns rays it is very cold. Reason being is that it has no atmosphere to hold the heat in.
Mercury is a rocky planet in our solar system that experiences extreme temperature variations. During the day, its surface can reach scorching temperatures due to its proximity to the Sun, while at night, temperatures drop dramatically because Mercury has no atmosphere to retain heat.
On Mercury, the cold side of the planet can reach extremely low temperatures of around -290 degrees Fahrenheit (-179 degrees Celsius) during the night when it faces away from the Sun. The lack of a significant atmosphere on Mercury means that there is no insulation to retain heat, resulting in wide temperature variations between the day and night sides of the planet.
Mercury's temperatures can drop to as cold as 100 K (-279.4) at night, but rise to as high as 700 K (800.6 F) during the day. This is due to the fact that Mercury has no atmosphere. Because of this, it experiences the full force of the Sun during the day and the extreme chill of the universe at night.
The morning is cold because during the night, the Earth loses heat to the atmosphere, causing the air temperature to drop. This drop in temperature is why it feels cold in the morning.
Mars does not provide heat - it is actually a cold planet. It absorbs a lot of heat from the sun during it's day, but having almost no atmosphere, it radiates that heat right back out into space again at night.
Yes, Mars experiences large temperature fluctuations between day and night due to its thin atmosphere, which cannot retain heat. During the night, temperatures can drop significantly, causing it to become very cold.
Hard to say, as the distance from the star will also factor in, but in general, thin atmosphere would mean no insulation, it would be cold. Mars is a classic example of a planet having a thin atmosphere. It is extremely cold on Mars and has a small amount of carbon dioxide in it's atmosphere but is not in high enough concentration to warm the planet. Mercury has no atmosphere and it is hot and cold depending on which part of the planet is facing the Sun. Venus has a very dense amosphere and it is very hot, no matter which surface is facing the Sun.
the moon has no atmosphere so it does not regulate it's temperature. It gets incredibly hot during the day and incredibly cold during the night.
Mercury has no atmosphere so the temperature change drastically from hot to cold. Venus has thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide fosters greenhouse effect. Even night or day. It is still hot. Earth has variety of temperature zone. We have equator where we receive high dose of solar radiation, temperate zone partly receives solar radiation, polar zone receive a little solar radiation. Mars has thin atmosphere. So it somehow regulates a little of the temperature. Coldness of a Planet is dependent on the solar radiation it received during day/night, plus the atmosphere which regulates the temperature.
This is pretty close to the temperature range on the surface of the planet Mercury. Cold at night, hot during the day.