Venus. The day is 243 earth days long and the year is only 225. Mercury is another weird case. Its year is about 88 earth days long. Its sidereal day is 2/3 of that, 58 2/3 earth days. So in effect it would seem that the daytime lasts a year and the nighttime lasts a year.
Technically neither. Those classifications are for planets. Pluto is officially a dwarf planet and is referred to as a TNO (Trans Neptunium Object) or a KBO (Kuiper Belt Object). All dwarf planets are solid and rocky/icy.
Neptune would move the slowest. The orbit speed is related to the distant the planets are to the sun. Farther the planet, slower the pace. Remember, Pluto is no longer a planet.
Yes, if I had had more time, I would have stayed longer.
Mercury is the least massive of all the planets. The least massive planet is Mercury (0.055 Earths). However, the planet with the weakest gravity is Mars. I am of course not treating Pluto as a Planet (as it is no longer categorized as a planet), if I were to count Pluto then it would be the least massive ( 0.0021 Earths).
it would affect the nearby planets.
by the rotation of the planet
I would say no, but would welcome any thoughts from others on this. The time taken for an object to orbit around another mainly depends on the distance, the further out, the longer it takes. For a moon to be always behind the planet on its way round, its time taken to orbit the planet would have to be a similar length of time that the planet takes to orbit the parent star. So the orbiting moon would have to be as far away from the planet centre as the planets distance to the star centre, meaning that the moon is no longer chiefly affected by the planets gravity.
None of the planets is a star. If it were a star, it would be referred to as a 'star' and not as a 'planet'. With that in mind, it becomes clear that anything still referred to as a 'planet' is in fact a planet and not a star.
There would be 21 planets because there is 6 planets not counting Pluto since it is a dwarf planet and so 9+12=21 so remember Pluto is a dwarf planet
An answer from an old textbook would say that those planets are Earth and Pluto. Now only Earth fits that criterion as Pluto is no longer considered a planet and is now known to have five moons.
An Outer planet would be a planet beyond the asteroid belt. This would include, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and (when it is considered a planet) Pluto.
The planets orbit the sun.