On average, all planets in the Solar system are the same distance from the northern star. At any given time, some planets will technically be closer than others, but the difference is so small compared to the overall distance that they might as well be the same.
Vega isn't a planet, it is a star. It is the second-brightest star in the northern sky.
a star is a dying planet and a planet is a living star
The Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star.
Sometimes. The Solar System with all the planets is a tiny thing compared to the distance to even the nearest star. When you see a planet near a star in the sky, it's in line with that star and therefore it's closer to the star than we are, but the difference in distance is extremely slight. At other places in its orbit the same planet could be further away than we are.
Mercury.
Vega isn't a planet, it is a star. It is the second-brightest star in the northern sky.
No. The sun is a star, not a planet. It is by no means the brightest star either. It only appears so bright because it is much closer to us than any other star.
It's much closer to its star than Jupiter is to the Sun.
Orion is a star. It is much bigger than the entire planet Earth, much less the northern hemisphere.
Neither. The United States (assuming that's what you meant), is a territory of land on the surface of the planet earth and thus does not move in respect to the rest of the planet. If your question was: "Is the planet earth closer to the sun during the winter or the summer of the northern hemisphere?" Then the answer would be that the planet earth is slightly closer (by 0.033 AU or ~ 5 million km) to the sun during the winter solstice than the summer solstice.
a star is a dying planet and a planet is a living star
A planetary year is defined as the time it take a planet to make one orbit around its star. The closer a planet is to its star the smaller the diameter of the circle of its orbit. In other words it has less far to go to make an orbit. Thus the length of a year is linked to how far out from the star the planet orbits.
The Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star.
The Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star.
In Argentina, you closer to northern than to Spain in southern.
The north star is a star, not a planet. It is called Polaris. The planet Venus is called the Evening Star
Mercury