Earth
The planet that is further from the Sun than Earth but closer than Jupiter is Mars. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, situated between Earth and Jupiter.
Mercury Venus and Earth are all closer to the sun than mars
Earth is closer to the sun than Mars.
Mars
Mars
Currently Neptune is closer to the sun, however Pluto can get closer when it's at the closest part of its orbit. Pluto was closer then Neptune about 10 years ago, but it currently heading out to the farther part of its orbit, and con't be closer than Neptune again for over 200 years.
Mercury and Venus are closer to the sun than we are. (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
Usually Earth is the closest planet. At times when Mars and Venus are both "in opposition", meaning that they are on the far side of the Sun from the Earth, then Venus would be closer to Mars.
Mars follows Earth as the next planet out from the sun.
Going outwards from the Sun, the next planet in the solar system after Earth would be Mars. Going inwards from Earth towards the Sun, the next planet is Venus - whose orbit is actually closer to Earth's than that of Mars.
Mercury is the planet closest to the sun, followed by Venus, then Earth, and finally Mars. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun.
Mercury, Venus, and Earth are all closer to the sun than Mars is.