You need to state your location and the date.
From the Moon, although technically the Moon is not a planet
Venus
craters
Jupiter is to the right of the moon. It was closest a on September 1st, then is was just to the left of the moon. Since then, the moon has passed Jupiter and the distance (seen by an observer) between them has been increasing.
yes!
A planet's rotation on its axis determines the length of its day.
None. The moon is closer than the other planets, so it will obstruct other planets.
From the Moon all you can see is planet Earth, the Moon is too far away to see any detail such as a monument on Earth with the naked eye.
I think it's Jupiter, but I'm not sure.
If you are talking today as in October 19, 2010.....the King of the planets...Jupiter. :)
If your were on another planet or the moon yes. If you are on earth you cannot observe it (in its entirity) through a telescope unless you are placed off of the planet.
In Judaism and Messianic Christianity, the crescent or sliver moon (the first small slice of the moon seen after sunset after what science calls the new moon-no moon) marks the first day of the month according to the biblical calender which is lunar based.