In series to every phase winding of transformer.
A PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is the board on which components are placed and soldered into position. It doesn't do anything in a circuit, merely the foundation on which a circuit can be created.
A 'core type' transformer core is one in which the primary windings and secondary windings are placed around each of the limbs, as opposed to a 'shell type' core, in which the two windings are placed across the centre core. A core-type core is a magnetic circuit equivalent to an electric series circuit, whereas a shell-type core is equivalent to an electric parallel circuit. This is better answered with a diagram, so I suggest that you do a search on the internet.
The container the transformer core and windings are placed inside is the tank.
A 'core type' transformer core is one in which the primary windings and secondary windings are placed around each of the limbs, as opposed to a 'shell type' core, in which the two windings are placed across the centre core. A core-type core is a magnetic circuit equivalent to an electric series circuit, whereas a shell-type core is equivalent to an electric parallel circuit.
Depending on where in the circuit the screw driver is placed it could be used as a switch or it could short the circuit out.
series circuit
I assume "tension" in this question should be replaced with "voltage". Short circuit tests are often performed from the lower voltage side of the transformer, since a lower voltage source is then required to perform the test. Often times the test lab may not have a source that can output a high enough voltage to perform from the high voltage winding.
"Torroidal" means donut shaped; a torroidal transformer is one where the core forms a circle. Typically the transformer is placed around a conductor, which is considered the "primary winding" with 1 turn. The secondary winding is the copper wrapped around the circuilar core.
Injecting power into the higher voltage winding of a transformer will make it act as a step down transformer; injecting power into the lower voltage winding will make it act as a step up transformer. A transformer can be used both ways.
To protect a circuit, we use a fuse or circuit breaker. The fuse or circuit breaker must always be placed in the lineconductor, never in the neutral conductor. So, if we want to completely isolate a circuit from the supply, we must remove the fuse from the line conductor, and open the link in the neutral conductor. A 'link' is a non-fusible metal break point in the neutral.
resistors, variable potentiometers
It creates an extra load to the circuit if placed parallel to other circuits. this load approaches the equivalent of a short circuit as the resistance value placed there reduces.