Actualism
uniformitarianism
studying a modern river valley to learn about how ancient rocks layers are formed!
Principle of Horizontality: as sediments settle form water, they form horizontal layers of rock. Non-horizontal layers must have suffered some disturbance after they formed.
they are pushed down
they are pushed down
they are pushed down
what coal is is layers of ancient dead plants so for every layer of dead plants is another layer of coal that is formed
Layers are formed in atmosphere. They keep the functionality apart.
Deep canyons are formed when rivers erode many layers of rock. The pattern of rocky layers, as well as the layers themselves, have a lot of information for geologists about how the layers were formed, atmospheric conditions, disruptions, volcanic eruptions, major fires and so on. It would be difficult or impossible to expose so much of this over such a great distance.
Sedimentary rock, like limestone, is formed in layers.
A geologist uses the principle of superposition to determine the relative ages of rocks and sedimentary layers. This principle states that in undisturbed layers of rock, the youngest layers are at the top while the oldest layers are at the bottom. By observing the order in which different rock layers are stacked, a geologist can infer the sequence of events that happened over time in a particular location.
The process by which layers of sedimentary rock are formed is called strata.