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Partial melting of rock produces a magma. When rock is heated (by the heat emanating from the Earth's core) it DOES NOT all melt at the same time.

In the same way that adding antifreeze to water prevent it freezing, certain mixtures of elements (from the minerals making the rock) melt out first to form a liquid.

These melts flow together from between the mineral grains to make the magma.

This process of partial melting produces PARTICULAR magma compositions depending on the make up of the source rocks which is why magmas have definite chemistries and are different in different places.

Basalts are made from partial melts of the upper mantle, Andesites are magmas made from partial melts of the crust etc.

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Q: What processes causes the formation of magma?
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