Establish consistent rules for exchaning data between applications and services loaded on the participating devices.
Specify how data inside the messages is structured and the types of messages that are sent between source and destination. These messages can be requests for services, acknoeledgement, data messages, status message, or error messages.
The Application layer uses protocols that are implemented within applications and services. While applications provide people with a way to create messages and Application layer services establish an interface to the network, protocols provide the rules and formats that govern how data is treated.
Application layer properties refer to the characteristics that define how applications interact over a network. Key properties include data encapsulation, which ensures that application data is formatted and packaged correctly for transmission; protocol adherence, where communication follows specific protocols like HTTP or FTP; and session management, which maintains state and context during user interactions. Additionally, application layer properties often involve error handling and data integrity checks to ensure reliable communication between users and services.
Show ip protocols
Application Presentation Session
Through right click on desktop then properties and then go display properties you can reset it
Application layer protocols: DNS and HTTP Transport layer protocols: UDP for DNS and TCP for HTTP
Display Properties
application
There are more than 3 protocols at the application layer. Three well-known protocols are: HTTP - web page traffic FTP - file transfer traffic SMTP - email transfer
Presentation
Bilateral Symmetry
Rip and BGP is in Application layer Ospf is in Transport Layer