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The likely word is quotation (a notable quote),also used for the punctuation "quotation marks" (" ").
EGYPTIAN
I am the state
John Locke
I don't believe that's in Proverbs at all. Rather I'm fairly certain that it's a quotation attributed to infamous US General George S. Patton. It's likely one of the less "colourful" quotes he was known to produce!
The actual winner was Sandra, and Russell won Fan Favourite. Not a single Hero was a finalist. The finalists were: Russell, Sandra, and Parvati.
The likely word is the proper noun "Iliad" (an ancient lyric poem attributed to Homer).
They are ancient epic poems attributed to Homer. It is likely that they were stories memorized and told before the days of writing.
Reasonably short quotes, properly attributed, are likely to be defensible under fair use even if they are taken from protected works. Beyond that, you can search quotation sites for quotes taken from pre-1923 works (in the US), or quotes from people who died more than 70 years ago.
"Reduce the power of corrupt party leaders.
That would most likely refer to Newton's Third Law. As the name indicates, it is attributed to Isaac Newton.
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