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The flow of energy in the form of rays or waves, which does not need a material medium to transfer heat /\

Radiation (ionizing) - fast, high energy sub-atomic particles which, when they hit matter, knock electrons off atoms and break apart molecules.

For example (see related link):

  1. Emission and propagation and emission of energy in the form of rays or waves.
  2. Energy radiated or transmitted as rays, waves, in the form of particles.
  3. A stream of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms and molecules of a radioactive substance as a result of nuclear decay.

Adding more to the content, after radiation the waves propagates in the ionized medium freely and are often used in medical science to overcome obstacles in human body like cancer and others.

Radiation occurs when certain substances undergo radioactive decay. The substance's element changes, as it reacts with radio waves (such as alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays), and the substance splits into a different element.

Ex.1 - Beta Decay

H - 1 -> β - 0 + He - 1 + ν

e

What occurs above, Hydrogen splits into a beta particle and a Helium particle. H has an Atomic Mass of 1, and has 1 proton. Beta particles have a mass of zero, and -1 protons. When a substance splits into two halves, one halve loses what the other half has. So the Hydrogen loses one negative proton, [1 - (-1) = 2], the substance gains a proton, and now has two protons, and is therefor, now Helium. Because the mass of a Beta particle isn't EXACTLY zero, we have to add an antineutrino at the end, to balance the equation.

Ex.2 - Alpha Decay:

P - 31 ->α - 2 + Na - 29

What happens above is the Phosphorus with a mass of 31 splits into an Alpha particle and into a Sodium particle because it loses 4 protons, and 2 mass.
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