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Nuclear fusion reactions. This is where an atomic nucleus (or neutrons/protons) are forced together with another nucleus to form a heavier nucleus (a new and heavier element). this needs a huge amount of energy (temperature), but when it is achieved, a large amount of energy is then released. This is what happens in the sun, hydrogen is fused together to form helium, releasing a large amount of solar energy in the process.

Some heavier elements can be made in the same way, but require even more energy. The heaviest elements such as gold, Uranium, molybdenum Niobium etc.. can only be created when a very large star explodes as a super nova.

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