What relation does objects under microscope have with cat scan?

Answer 1

A microscope is a magnifying imaging device used to examine very tiny things. An optical microscope can be used on such things as live blood cells, or live tissue cultures from a petri dish. The samples are either extremely thin (or made so using a slice cutting instrument) so that a light source can be projected up through the sample into the optical magnifying lens stages of the instrument, and then finally into either a camera, or a person's eye(s). Magnification levels of a conventional laboratory optical microscope typically range from 10 times power, up to about 2500 times power. Other rarely used, special, extremely expensive optical microscopes have used scanning lasers, or used wavelengths of light outside of human perception with backscattering / heterodyning, aspherical lenses, multiple staged prisms, quartz optics, etc., to achieve higher magnification, and some of these have variable field depth of focus. A scanning electron microscope can have extremely high magnification, but must typically pre-treat the sample to be examined by using a process that kills any live samples, sometimes coating them with a deposit of metal such as gold, etc, and then the sample is subjected to a near perfect vacuum also insuring that the sample is dead. Newer two-photon scanning microscopes have recently been invented, and may also be used on live samples of tiny living things without first killing them. A computer aided tomographic scan is a 3-D x-ray imaging technology that extends the usefulness of 2-D gray scale x-rays. X-ray technology typically neither magnifies nor reduces the size of the subject image--so that the images are "life-sized." Tomography consists of taking many angles of 1-dimensional x-ray beams into carefully aligned sensors that are used in mathematical combinations to compute the various tissue densities encountered by the various x-ray beams travelling through the tissues to all of the various sensors at all of their various angles with respect to the sample and the x-ray source(s). This makes up one of many 2-D x-ray slices that are then combined as an array to form a 3-D image also through carefully calculated mathematical combinations. X-rays are a form of very high frequency electromagnetic radiation called ionizing radiation that is typically harmful to living cells. The x-ray source units typically consist of a high voltage power supply, an Edison-effect electron source such as a tungsten filament, and a target tungsten x-ray emitter. The high voltage accelerates the electrons from the source to a very high energy speed onto the tungsten target x-ray emitter. Every chemical element has an emission and absorption frequency spectrum of energy. The energy from the high speed / energy electrons is first absorbed (large amounts of medium frequency energy) into the tungsten target x-ray emitter, and when the atoms of the tungsten then can contain no more energy, they then release this excess energy (emission) in the form of electromagnetic energy in the frequency spectrum of two key bands of x-ray radiation (which is the emission spectrum of the metal chemical element tungsten). This radiation can penetrate through all sorts of material. By moderating the output levels of x-ray energy to only those necessary to penetrate a given sample type, either a sensor or a piece of photographic film can record the projected energy from the x-ray source that makes its way through the sample under imaging analysis. High density tissues like bones will block the x-rays more than softer tissues like muscles or liver or kidneys. Sometimes a liquid metal such as barium is used to fill the upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract to better help the imaging results since barium will also block x-rays more than the other soft surrounding tissues. The barium filled cavities of the GI tract will nicely outline the borders of those cavities so that any irregularities can be quickly seen in the resulting images. X-rays can be used to detect defects in pipe steel used for cooling nuclear reactors, or car parts or welded pieces, or in medicine to look through the various tissues of a bird or mammal like a pet dog or a human being. Different forms of imaging can be used to identify both the symptoms and causes of disease. Other forms of medical imaging include thermal image scanners, positron emission tomographic scanners, and scanners that provide a combination of these tomographic imaging methods to better identify and diagnose unusual tissues (cancer) or blood flow activity (damaged tissues). In some cases the cause of disease can be microscopic, but result in large-scale damage or cancerous tissues. However, prolonged exposure to radiation levels of x-rays can burn tissues, cause cancer, or be used as a means of burning tissues on purpose as in some forms of cancer treatment. Cancer tumors, however, engulf or intermingle with nearby healthy tissues that are more sensitive to the harmful effects of x-rays than the cancerous ones. In some cases the mass of a tumor under radiation therapy diminishes in proportion to the amount of nearby healthy tissue that is burned / damaged by radiation treatment rather than destroying the actual cancerous part of the tissue, thereby deceiving both the patient and the doctors into thinking that the tumor shrinkage equates to the cancer being eliminated when only the healthy tissue has been instead. It is highly probable that the true nature of certain diseases is still not properly understood, but the imaging technology to monitor disease progression can be applied to determine if a treatment is effective if applied after a week or so time of treatment recovery.