Since that was before written history, not much can be figured out about what they believed.
Deism
Belief in the resurrection of the body is a personal and often religious belief. Some people believe that after death, their physical bodies will be resurrected and reunited with their souls. This belief is commonly held in various religious traditions, such as Christianity and Islam. Ultimately, whether one believes in the resurrection of the body is a matter of personal faith and interpretation of religious teachings.
A belief is an opinion, strongly held but without proof. Belief is often used as a synonym for religion, or religious belief. Religious belief is almost never a solitary belief - one may belong to a church or organisation, whose members share beliefs that are taught by that church or organisation. The more closely members share their religious beliefs, the more strongly they are probably held. Belief is often reinforced by adversity, as fellow-believers draw together for mutual comfort and support. Religious belief is usually reinforced by regular prayer and reading of scriptures.
A majority opinion or widely held belief.
Depending on their religion, people held religious services at Churches, mosques, temples, etc.
It is part of religious belief that spirits can do what should be physically impossible. This belief is genuinely held by many, so it is not so much pretence but faith.
It seems part of our upbringing to hold a religious belief so strongly as to blind us to the possibility that others hold equally strong beliefs about another god. Even if people accept the right of people to worship another god or gods, this strongly held religious belief says that surely any other god must be false and its followers simply misled.
It is a religious belief held by many Christian religions concerning the taking of Mary into heaven when she died. I have added a link below for more information.
The belief that Israel is God's chosen nation is a complex and deeply held belief for many people. Some religious groups and individuals continue to view Israel as God's chosen nation based on their interpretation of religious texts. However, opinions on this topic can vary widely among different religious traditions and individuals. It is important to approach this topic with sensitivity and respect for diverse beliefs.
Winthrop viewed people of other religious beliefs as followers of heresy.
Basques
Capital punishment is a belief and an actuality. It is not a universal belief or a universal actuality; the belief in capital punishment is only held by some people and capital punishment is practiced only in some places.