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Saint Francis set up the first nativity scene in 1223. Before that people celebrated Christmas primarily by going to Mass at church, where priests would tell the Christmas story in a language that most ordinary people didn't speak: Latin.

Francis, who was living in the town of Greccio, Italy, at the time, got the pope's permission to proceed with his plans. Then he asked his close friend John Velita to loan him some animals and straw to set up a scene there to represent Jesus Christ's birth in Bethlehem. The nativity scene could help people in the area imagine what it may have been like to be present on the first Christmas long ago, when they came to worship at Christmas Eve Mass in December 1223.


The scene, which was set up in a cave just outside Greccio, featured a wax figure of the infant Jesus, costumed people playing the roles of Mary and Joseph, and the live donkey and ox that John had loaned to Francis. Local shepherds watched over their sheep in nearby fields, just as shepherds in Bethlehem had watched over sheep on the first Christmas, when the sky suddenly filled with angels who announced Christ's birth to them.

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