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The "oxygen-poor blood" is converted to "oxygen-rich blood" through the heart and the lungs. The blood without oxygen goes through the heart to the lungs where it is converted to oxygenated blood and returned to the heart, which distributes it throughout the body.
They are kept separate (mostly) by means of using dufferent vessels to carry each. The oxygenated blood is carried in arteries and arterioles whilst the deoxygenated blood is carried in the veins and veinules. The opposite is true of the pulmonary circulaiton.
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