These would be the abdominal muscles.
Diaphragm
The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and help expand and contract the chest cavity during breathing. When you inhale, these muscles contract, lifting the ribcage and expanding the chest cavity, allowing air to enter the lungs. When you exhale, the intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribcage to lower and the chest cavity to decrease in size, pushing air out of the lungs.
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
The thoracic cavity is bounded by the ribs. It houses vital organs such as the heart and lungs, providing protection while allowing for expansion and contraction during breathing. The intercostal muscles located between the ribs assist in this process of respiration.
Breathing involves two main processes: inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the chest cavity and creating a negative pressure that draws air into the lungs. Conversely, during exhalation, these muscles relax, allowing the chest cavity to decrease in volume, which pushes air out of the lungs. This rhythmic cycle ensures a continuous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.
The various muscles of respiration aid in both inspiration and expiration, which require changes in the pressure within the thoracic cavity. The respiratory muscles work to achieve this by changing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity.The principal muscles are the diaphragm, the external intercostal and the interchondral part of the internal intercostal muscles. Both the external intercostal muscles and the intercondral elevate the ribs, thus increasing the width of the thoracic cavity, while the diaphragm contracts to increase the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity, and also aids in the elevation of the lower ribs.Accessory muscles are typically only used when the body needs to process energy quickly (e.g. during heavy exercise, during the stress response, or during an asthma attack). The accessory muscles of inspiration can also become engaged in everyday breathing when a breathing pattern disorder exists.
Breathing relies on the contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles, primarily the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. When these muscles contract, the thoracic cavity expands, decreasing lung pressure and allowing air to flow in (inhalation). Conversely, during relaxation, the thoracic cavity decreases in volume, increasing lung pressure and forcing air out (exhalation). This pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere drives the inhalation and exhalation process.
The movement of the rib cage changes the air pressure in the chest cavity depending on the physical activity the person is performing. If they are running, the air pressure will be constantly increasing and decreasing, leading to stress on the rib cage.
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, expanding the ribcage. This expansion increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, creating a negative pressure that allows air to flow into the lungs. As the lungs fill with air, the chest expands, making it appear larger during the breathing process.
contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles, causing the ribcage to expand and the lungs to fill with air. This process creates negative pressure in the thoracic cavity, drawing air into the lungs to facilitate respiration.
During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract to increase the volume of the chest cavity, causing a decrease in air pressure within the lungs. This pressure difference allows air to rush into the lungs, increasing the oxygen supply in the bloodstream. The brain sends signals to these muscles to initiate the breathing process and regulate the amount of air taken in.