A 500 MCM copper conductor with an insulation factor of 90 degrees C is rated at 430 amps. Parallel 3/0 copper conductors with an insulation factor of 90 degrees C will give a total capacity of 450 amps.
On a 30 amp circuit, you would use a #10 copper ground. The ground never has to be larger than the ungrounded conductors.
For an accurate calculation it will be necessary to know what the size of breaker exists in the pump house and what size conductors are used. Power loss is measured using actual amps required, not size of the circuit involved. But the size of circuit (breaker size) can be used. Voltage must also be known.
The size of wire for service entrance conductors for a 400 amp 3 phase service could be 500 MCM copper. This is very large size wire and difficult to bend and shape, to connect to terminals in the main disconnect and distribution panel. This problem is solved by using parallel conductors or on higher ampacities triple conductors. Using parallel conductors the wire size would be three ought (3/0) copper.
500
Remove the 30 amp double pole breaker and install at least one single pole 15 amp breaker. It is best if the other slot is not left open so if you have another single pole breaker of any size install it in the 2nd spot so it isn't open when you replace the cover on the panel. For your 15 amp circuit you need #14 gauge copper wire or larger with a hot, neutral, and ground. Your 30 amp circuit was probably wired with #10 gauge conductors. These will probably work on your 15 amp circuit but it may be difficult to connect #10 conductors to devices.
For a distribution panel rated at 400 amps parallel runs of 3/0 conductors will do the job.
On a 30 amp circuit, you would use a #10 copper ground. The ground never has to be larger than the ungrounded conductors.
For an accurate calculation it will be necessary to know what the size of breaker exists in the pump house and what size conductors are used. Power loss is measured using actual amps required, not size of the circuit involved. But the size of circuit (breaker size) can be used. Voltage must also be known.
The size of wire for service entrance conductors for a 400 amp 3 phase service could be 500 MCM copper. This is very large size wire and difficult to bend and shape, to connect to terminals in the main disconnect and distribution panel. This problem is solved by using parallel conductors or on higher ampacities triple conductors. Using parallel conductors the wire size would be three ought (3/0) copper.
500
350mcm
Remove the 30 amp double pole breaker and install at least one single pole 15 amp breaker. It is best if the other slot is not left open so if you have another single pole breaker of any size install it in the 2nd spot so it isn't open when you replace the cover on the panel. For your 15 amp circuit you need #14 gauge copper wire or larger with a hot, neutral, and ground. Your 30 amp circuit was probably wired with #10 gauge conductors. These will probably work on your 15 amp circuit but it may be difficult to connect #10 conductors to devices.
200 amp and 400 amp
A 500 MCM wire with an insulation factor of 90 degrees C is rated at 430. Most 400 amp services will use parallel wires on each leg to feed the circuit. A 3/0 wire with an insulation factor of 75 and 90 degrees C is rated at 200 and 225 amps respectively. The insulation rating of these conductors will be 600 volts.
2
You use the correct size breaker depending on the size wire in the circuit. If the circuit is wired with AWG #12 wire use a 20 amp breaker. If it is wired with AWG #14 wire then use a 15 amp breaker.
Yes : but in a residential case a 15 amp circuit would be better