Moons.
Moons are approximately spherical objects which orbit planets and are smaller than the planets that they orbit, although they are still relatively large objects (so an orbiting dust particle does not qualify as a moon). Since moons orbit planets, their motion around the solar system is controlled by the planets that they orbit; planets orbit the sun, and planets take their moons with them.
Asteroids are objects smaller then planets that orbit the Sun. Meteorites are (usually) smaller objects that enter the atmosphere and reach the ground.
Planets or dwarf planets, depending on their size. (The larger ones would be planets, smaller would be dwarf planets.)
The largest objects that orbit the sun are planets.
No. Planets orbit suns, while moons orbit planets. Planets do not orbit planets.
Through gravitational pull. The largest object will have smaller objects orbit it (objects close in size will orbit each other, but no planet is close to the size of the sun)
Generally, although objects that orbit dwarf planets and smaller objects such as asteroids can also be called moons.
satellites
Planets are generally larger than asteroids. Asteroids are small rocky bodies that orbit the Sun, while planets are larger celestial objects that have cleared their orbit of other debris. Some asteroids can be quite large, but they are still dwarfed by the size of planets.
Objects that are smaller than planets are called "dwarf planets"; even smaller objects are called "asteroids".
Solid objects that can orbit planets are called moons. Moons are natural satellites that orbit around planets in a similar way that planets orbit around stars. Moons can range in size from small rocky bodies to larger worlds with their own atmospheres.
Planets are bodies that orbit a central star (in our case, the Sun), and moons are smaller bodies that orbit planets.