H ions are charged particles of Hydrogen. By charged, I mean it has either a positive or negative overall charge, caused by the addition of an electron (negative) or the subtraction of one (positive). Generally, it will be an H+ ion, which itself is simply a proton.
Actually, nothing. Free protons are not exactly stable so you get H3O+
Solutions containing H+ ions are acidic solutions.
acidic solution
Hydrogen oxide
Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. Some ions move from high to low concentration gradients through membrane protein channels, and some ion gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
It's not that the concentration of H+ ions goes up because pH goes up. Instead, the pH goes down because H+ concentration increases. I know that's a really subtle difference, but it is crucial. If you're good at math this may help: pH= -log [H+] where [H+] simply means concentration of hydrogen ions. So, you can see from this formula that as the concentration of hydrogen ions increase, the pH will decrease because it is a negative log. You can also see that the pH is a function of hydrogen concentration. I hope that clears some ideas up for you. Good luck!
No. The concentration of and acid and the strength of an acid are two unrelated values. The strength of an acid is the degree to which it will break apart into ions when dissolved in water. It is an inherent property of any given acid. The concentration of an acid is how much of it is present in proportion to its solvent (usually water) and is independent of any properties of the acid itself. You can take a solution of some acid and add it to water to lower the concentration or boil off some water to raise the concentration, but the properties of the acid itself remain the same.
Outside a neuron, there are mostly sodium ions but some potassium ions. Inside the neuron, there are only potassium ions. Since both sodium and potassium are positive ions, and they are in a higher concentration outside the cell, that makes the outside have a more positive charge than the inside. But for all intents and purposes, the outside is positive, and the inside is negative. When the sodium ions (Na+) rush into the cell during depolarization, it causes the concentration of positive ions inside the cell to go WAY up, making the inside more positive than the outside. This means that the outside is now negative and the inside now positive.
Because of the logarithmic nature of the pH scale, a single step indicates a difference tenfold. As such, the difference in concentration of hydrogen ions between solutions A and B in this example are a hundred fold, with solution A having a higher concentration than solution B.
Mostly potassium and some chloride.
it depends on the concentration of ions
The concentration of reactive ions are reduced
Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. Some ions move from high to low concentration gradients through membrane protein channels, and some ion gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
It's not that the concentration of H+ ions goes up because pH goes up. Instead, the pH goes down because H+ concentration increases. I know that's a really subtle difference, but it is crucial. If you're good at math this may help: pH= -log [H+] where [H+] simply means concentration of hydrogen ions. So, you can see from this formula that as the concentration of hydrogen ions increase, the pH will decrease because it is a negative log. You can also see that the pH is a function of hydrogen concentration. I hope that clears some ideas up for you. Good luck!
The more acidic a solution is, the more hydrogen ions it gives off.
Several factors influence water resistivity. Some of the most important are 1) the concentration of ions in the water; 2) the mobility of the ions in the water (smaller ionic radius ions tend to decrease water resistivity more than larger ionic radius ions); 3) the oxidation state of the ions; and 4) the temperature of the water.
No. The concentration of and acid and the strength of an acid are two unrelated values. The strength of an acid is the degree to which it will break apart into ions when dissolved in water. It is an inherent property of any given acid. The concentration of an acid is how much of it is present in proportion to its solvent (usually water) and is independent of any properties of the acid itself. You can take a solution of some acid and add it to water to lower the concentration or boil off some water to raise the concentration, but the properties of the acid itself remain the same.
Yes, distilled water can be electrolysed. Water always contains a few hydrated hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions from self ionization. There can also be some chloride ions because hydrogen chloride can distil over with water. However, the concentration of ions is extremely low so electrolysis is very slow.
Some fish balance water loss by drinking seawater and actively transporting chloride ions out through their skin and gills then the sodium ions follow passively out as well.
Outside a neuron, there are mostly sodium ions but some potassium ions. Inside the neuron, there are only potassium ions. Since both sodium and potassium are positive ions, and they are in a higher concentration outside the cell, that makes the outside have a more positive charge than the inside. But for all intents and purposes, the outside is positive, and the inside is negative. When the sodium ions (Na+) rush into the cell during depolarization, it causes the concentration of positive ions inside the cell to go WAY up, making the inside more positive than the outside. This means that the outside is now negative and the inside now positive.
An Arrhenius base produces OH- ions.