Acids and Bases

'HCl' Hydrochloric Acid does not contains oxygen.

Any Halogen Acid.

In modern chemistry we know that the acid component is the ' H^(+) ' cation.

However, the word 'oxygen' from the Classical Languages means ' Acid Maker/Generator'.

Limes, Lemons, Oranges, Grapefruit.

Apples, Pear,

Strawberries, Blackberries, Raspberries, Tayberries, Blackcurrants, RedCurrents.

Any non=tropical fruit.

Also used as a sauce, rather than a foodstuff, vinegar (Ethanoic/Acetic Acid). ,

H3PO4 is Phosphoric Acid .

You can neutralize phosphoric acid by adding a base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, until the solution reaches a neutral pH of around 7. This will form water and a salt, effectively neutralizing the acid.

First of all the formula for barium hydroxide is ' Ba(OH)2 ; ' NOT 'BaOH2'.

Next write down the balanced reaction eq'n.

2HCl + Ba(OH)2 = BaCl2 + 2H2O

The molar ratios are ' 2:1 :: 1:2 '.

Next calculate the moles of Ba(OH)2

mol(Ba(OH)2) = 0.107M X 41 ml / 1000 ml

NB THe '1000' is needed to convert 'M/ mol dm^(-3)' to ' ml '.

Hence

mol(Ba(OH)2) = 4.287 x 10^(-3)

Equivalent to 1 molar ratio above.

Hence moles (HCl) = 4.287 x 10^(-3) X 2 = 8.774 x 10^(-3)

Hence

8,774 x 10^-3) =

Equivalent to 2 molar ratios above.

NB Note the '2' in the multiplication.

Hence

8.774 x 10^(-3) = 0.140 X vol/ml / 1000

Algebraically rearrange

vol/ml = 8.774 x 10^(-3) x 1000 / 0.140

volume(ml) = 62.671 ml ~ 62.7 ml . ( depending on calibration of receiving vessel/glassware.

1 Mole.

HNO3 + KOH = KNO3 + H2O

Note the molar ratios are all 1:1 :: 1:1

So by equivalence 1 mole HNO3 is neutralised by 1 mole KOH. , to produce 1 mole water and 1 mole potassium nitrate.

Fully wash with plenty of water.

Do NOT put any mineral acid near it.

As possible neutraliser is sodium hydrogen (bi-)carbonate; Baking powder.).

KOH + NaHCO3 = H2O + NaKCO3 ( Water and a chemical salt).

It is a Chemical Salt.

Chemical Salts have a metal cation , Calcium in this case, and an acidic anion, carbonate in this case.

Ca^(2+) + CO3^(2-) = CaCO3

Most carbonates are INSOLUBLE to water, but will react with acids/

To find the pH of a 0.00884 M solution of HNO₃ (nitric acid):

HNO₃ is a strong acid, so it completely dissociates:

HNO

3

​

→H

+NO

3

−

​

Therefore:

[H

]=0.00884 M

Use the pH formula:

pH=−log[H

]

pH=−log(0.00884)

pH≈2.05

Answer:

pH≈2.05

​

The solution is acidic because nitric acid releases hydrogen ions in water.

Sulphate is an Acidic Anion of the formula ' SO4^(2-) '.

It does not exist in the 'free' state, but combined with a cation. e.g. CoSO4 (Cobalt Sulphate).

A soluble base is an ALKALI.

e.g.

potassium oxide is a base.

potassium hydroxide is an alkali.

Eq'n.

K2O(s) + H2O(l) = 2KOH(aq).

Definitely ; a soluble base is an alkali.

First of all 'Marble Chips' are an impure form of Calcium Carbonate.

The Word Equation is

Marble Chips + Hydrochloric Acid = Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid = Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

Here is the balanced reaction eq'n.

2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) = CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).

NB Other impure forms of calcium carbonate are ;- limestone, chalk, egg shells. NOT lime, however, lime will react with hydrochloric acid. Lime is Calcium Oxide (CaO).

It reacts, probably explosively.

The products are potassium chloride and hydrogen.

The heat of the reaction and the fact that the hydrogen becomes mixed with atmospheric oxygen , makes it explode. to form water.

Here are the reaction eq'ns/

2K(s) + 2HCl(aq) = 2KCl(aq) + H2(g)

2H2(g) + O2(g) ==heat of reaction==> H2O(l) .

NB Remember the general acid reactions.

Acid + Alkali = Salt + Water

Acid + Base = Salt + Water

Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen (as per this one above).

Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

Three or more amino acids are called peptides. Peptides can vary in length, with short peptides consisting of just a few amino acids, while longer peptides can be composed of dozens or even hundreds of amino acids.

NEITHER.

It is a liquid of neutral pH = 7.

Water sets up a natural equilibrium

H2O H^(+) + OH^(-)

As you can see it has both acid and hydroxide ions present in equal measure. . So it is NOT an acid nor an alkali.

'Lime' (calcium oxide ; CaO), is a BASE.

It does NOT dissolve in water, therefore it does NOT form an alkali.

Alkalis are soluble bases.

NO!!!

SO2 + H2O = H2SO3 ( Sulphurous Acid). is the Balanced eq'n.

To make sulphuric Acid (H2SO4), the SO2 has to be further oxidised using a catalyst

2SO2 O2 = 2SO3

2SO3 + 2H2O = 2H2SO4 ( Sulphuric acid)_.

Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium hydroxide = Sodium chloride + ( Dihydrogen monoxide universally known as ) Water.

Chemical reaction eq'n.

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) = NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Sodium chloride is common salt, that you may put in food for cooking/eating.

An acidic solution , with a common ion of ' H^(+)'. It does NOT react, because of the common ion effect.

I'm sorry, but I cannot assist with that. Battery acid is a dangerous substance that can cause severe harm, including chemical burns and poisoning. It's important to prioritize safety and avoid any harmful substances. If you're seeking help or support, consider talking to a professional.

A chemical reaction between a strong acid and a strong base is known as neutralization. In this process, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the base to form water (H₂O), while the remaining ions combine to produce a salt. This reaction typically results in a solution that has a pH of around 7, indicating neutrality. An example of this is the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.

NO2 + H2O = HNO3

The molar ratios are all 1: 1:: 1

So moles(NO2_ = 18.5 g/ ( 14 + (2x 16)_ = 18.5 / 46 mole (Equivlanet to 1 molar ratio).

Hence

1 molar ratio of HNO3 = 18.5/46 = mass(g) / 63

Algebraically rearrange

mass(g)= 18.5 x 63 / 46 = 25.47 g

YES!!!!

HCl is hydrochloric acid. In solution it dissolves into H^(+( & By comparison Cl^(-).

This is almost 100% dissolution, hence it is referred as strong.

It is monoprotic , because it only contains one hydrogen ion (proton)

By comparison sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is 'diprotic' ; contains two hydrogen ions

By comparison ethanoic acid is a weak acid. . When in solution, only a few protons dissociate from the parent molecule

CH3COOH CH3COO^(-) + H^(+)

The double arrowhead indicatesonly a few protons dissociate

When written to other way means a lot of protons dissociate.

Alkalis and acids react together to form salt and water. This is known as a neutralization reaction, where the acidic properties of the acid combine with the basic properties of the alkali to produce a neutral solution.

What is 'hydrolic acid'????

If you mean 'hydrochloric acid (HCl)'.

The answer is 'potassium chloride'.

Here is the word eq'n.

potassium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid produces potassium chloride + water.

Here is the balanced chemical reaction eq'n

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) = KCl(aq) + H2O(l)