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Acids and Bases
An acid is any substance whose aqueous solution is characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts. A Base is any substance whose aqueous solution is characterized by a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn red litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts. Questions about the acidity and alkalinity of solutions and different types of acids and bases are found n our Acids and Bases category.
24,105 Questions
How many H2SO4 molecules are there in 9.62 moles of H2SO4?
Use the Avogadro No. m which is 6,022 x 10^(23) atoms/molecules in one mole of a substance.
Hence in 9.62 moles , there are
9.62 x 6.022 x 10^(23) = 5.79.. x 10^(24) molecules.
How you measure strength of an acid?
At its simplest ;
Use litmus paper. ; it will show different shades of red depending on the strength of the acid. i
Use Universal Indicator (UI) ; it will show different shades of red depending on the strength of the acid. However, it is more sensitive than litmus paper.
Finally,, use a pH meter. It has an electronic probe. The dial on the meter will show '0' strongest acid to '6' weakest acid.
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H2SO4 is NOT an element.
It contains in combination, three elements, viz., hydrogen(H) , sulphur(S) , and oxygen )O).
A COMPOUND!!!!!
Compounds are a combination of atoms of different elements.
H2SO4 has three different elements present.
What is the name of H2SO4 acid?
H2SO4 is Sulphuric Acid
Do NOT confuse with
H2SO3, which is Sulphurous Acid'.
Note the spelling., and the number of oxygens present. They are two different acids.
What salts does sulfuric acid make?
Sulfuric acid can form salts by reacting with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides or metal carbonates. Some common salts produced from sulfuric acid include sulfates such as sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).
What metal causes no reaction when reacting with sulfuric acid?
Gold and Platinum.
Gold can be made to react in 'aqua regia' .
Aqua regia' is an archaic name for a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid .
Platinum is used as electrodes in electrolysis owing to its unreactivity.
When sulfuric acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is produced along with the corresponding metal sulfate. The reaction involves the displacement of hydrogen from the acid by the metal. The rate and intensity of the reaction depend on the reactivity of the metal with sulfuric acid.
What salt is formed in the reaction by calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?
The (chemical) salt is calcium chloride. ( CaCl2)
What is calcium plus hydrochloric acid called?
It's called a chemical reaction.
Word eq'n
Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium = calcium chloride + hydrogen.
Balanced reaction eq'n.
2HCl(aq) + Ca(s) = CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)
NB
General Acid reactions.
Acid + Alkali = Salt + Water
Acid + Base = Salt +Water
Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen ( The above system).
Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.
Hydrochloric acid plus calcium chloride?
When hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium chloride, it forms calcium chloride and hydrogen gas. The chemical equation for this reaction is: 2HCl + CaCl2 -> CaCl2 + H2. This reaction is a double displacement reaction.
Acids react with what active ingredient to make bubbles?
Active ingredients are metals and carbonates.
Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen(possibly bubbles)
Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide (Definite bubbles).
NB Try at home a little experiment.
Vinegar + Baking Powder. bubbles will be released.
The actual reaction is .
Ethanoic(Acetic) Acid + Sodium hydrogen(bi)Carbonate = Sodium Ethanoate(Acetate) + Water + Carbon Dioxide(Effervescence/bubbles)_.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 = CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Why do some acids not contain oxygen?
'HCl' Hydrochloric Acid does not contains oxygen.
Any Halogen Acid.
In modern chemistry we know that the acid component is the ' H^(+) ' cation.
However, the word 'oxygen' from the Classical Languages means ' Acid Maker/Generator'.
What are some foods that contain acids?
Limes, Lemons, Oranges, Grapefruit.
Apples, Pear,
Strawberries, Blackberries, Raspberries, Tayberries, Blackcurrants, RedCurrents.
Any non=tropical fruit.
Also used as a sauce, rather than a foodstuff, vinegar (Ethanoic/Acetic Acid). ,
How do you neutralize phosphoric acid?
You can neutralize phosphoric acid by adding a base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, until the solution reaches a neutral pH of around 7. This will form water and a salt, effectively neutralizing the acid.
First of all the formula for barium hydroxide is ' Ba(OH)2 ; ' NOT 'BaOH2'.
Next write down the balanced reaction eq'n.
2HCl + Ba(OH)2 = BaCl2 + 2H2O
The molar ratios are ' 2:1 :: 1:2 '.
Next calculate the moles of Ba(OH)2
mol(Ba(OH)2) = 0.107M X 41 ml / 1000 ml
NB THe '1000' is needed to convert 'M/ mol dm^(-3)' to ' ml '.
Hence
mol(Ba(OH)2) = 4.287 x 10^(-3)
Equivalent to 1 molar ratio above.
Hence moles (HCl) = 4.287 x 10^(-3) X 2 = 8.774 x 10^(-3)
Hence
8,774 x 10^-3) =
Equivalent to 2 molar ratios above.
NB Note the '2' in the multiplication.
Hence
8.774 x 10^(-3) = 0.140 X vol/ml / 1000
Algebraically rearrange
vol/ml = 8.774 x 10^(-3) x 1000 / 0.140
volume(ml) = 62.671 ml ~ 62.7 ml . ( depending on calibration of receiving vessel/glassware.
1 Mole.
HNO3 + KOH = KNO3 + H2O
Note the molar ratios are all 1:1 :: 1:1
So by equivalence 1 mole HNO3 is neutralised by 1 mole KOH. , to produce 1 mole water and 1 mole potassium nitrate.
How do you neutralize KOH when on your skin?
Fully wash with plenty of water.
Do NOT put any mineral acid near it.
As possible neutraliser is sodium hydrogen (bi-)carbonate; Baking powder.).
KOH + NaHCO3 = H2O + NaKCO3 ( Water and a chemical salt).
Is calcium carbonate a salt base or acid?
It is a Chemical Salt.
Chemical Salts have a metal cation , Calcium in this case, and an acidic anion, carbonate in this case.
Ca^(2+) + CO3^(2-) = CaCO3
Most carbonates are INSOLUBLE to water, but will react with acids/
What would be pH of a 0.00884 M solution of HNO3?
To find the pH of a 0.00884 M solution of HNO₃ (nitric acid):
HNO₃ is a strong acid, so it completely dissociates:
HNO
3
​
→H
+NO
3
−
​
Therefore:
[H
]=0.00884 M
Use the pH formula:
pH=−log[H
]
pH=−log(0.00884)
pH≈2.05
Answer:
pH≈2.05
​
The solution is acidic because nitric acid releases hydrogen ions in water.
Sulphate is an Acidic Anion of the formula ' SO4^(2-) '.
It does not exist in the 'free' state, but combined with a cation. e.g. CoSO4 (Cobalt Sulphate).
