Stars cannot fuse any other elements heavier than iron simply for the fact that it does not produce energy. However, what comes next mainly depends on how much mass is contained within the star itself. If the mass of the star is 1.4 times the size of our sun, the electron degeneracy pressure (what holds up the dying star. the lower limit to size--electrons in star are squeezed together so tightly, further contraction is impossible) cannot hold the star, so the electrons are "squeezed" together, creating neutrons. The star will shrink until neutrons are packed as close together as possible and a neutron is the result. Neutron stars do not glow like white dwarfs but can be detected.
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Stellar evolution
Nuclear fusion affects stellar evolution by essentially halting all mitosis and miosis that any cells in a stellar evolution could experience, and they stunt the growth of the object.
Nucleosyntheis
In G-type stars, this would be the white dwarf stage. More massive stars could continue to fuse ever heavier elements, until the fusion products consist mainly of iron, and the stellar core collapses into a neutron star or a black hole.
This is caused by fusion of light elements in stars, which releases heat.
The process is called stellar nucleosynthesis and is based on nuclear fusion reactions.
Yes. Animals are composed of chemicals. Chemical evolution typically refers to stellar nucleosynthesis, the creation of elements by nuclear fusion in the cores of stars, and the synthesis of elements heavier than iron via star bursts--supernova. Biochemical evolution would refer to the formation of more complex molecules, such as the spontaneous generation of amino acids from less complex molecular arrangements.
Energy is liberated through fusion reactions, producing heavier and heavier elements. There are two transient elements heavier than iron which are produced by standard stellar nucleosynthesis, but these are short lived and decay into lighter elements. Iron is the heaviest element forged in the heart of a star via standard stellar evolution. All elements heavier than iron are the byproduct of a supernova, wherein atomic nuclei are smashed together with such force energy is consumed in the nuclear reaction. This is why there tends to be an abundance of stable isotopes as light as iron, but elements heavier than iron are much more rare. Lead is an exception to this general rule as it is the end product of a long radioisotope decay sequence.
Nuclear physics. As a star ages, the fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements changes the composition of the star's core, which in turn affects the dynamics of its interior. Convection patterns change, the core's energy production changes, and so on. This ultimately affects the way a star looks in our telescopes.
The accepted modern theory of elemental formation states: The lighter elements are a bi-product of nuclear fusion from stellar masses (stars).
"Stellar" means "related to a star", so you can use it in expressions such as "stellar wind", "stellar atmosphere", "stellar fusion", etc.
No - only MOST elements. The first element to form right after the Big Bang was hydrogen; all others formed from hydrogen, through nuclear fusion - some helium in the first minutes of the Big Bang, and heavier elements later, in stars.