Very large ones.
Massive stars with at least eight times the mass of the Sun end their lives as supernovae. During their final stages, they undergo a rapid collapse and explosion, releasing an immense amount of energy and forming a bright supernova.
The most massive ones. The exact amount of mass requires varies, depending on the type of supernova, and on the element mix of the initial star.
The type of star an object will evolve into depends on its initial mass. For example, a star like our Sun will eventually become a red giant and then a white dwarf. More massive stars will end their lives as supernovae, neutron stars, or black holes.
Less massive stars end up as white dwarfs. More massive stars end up as a supernova or a neutron star or for the really massive stars...as a black hole. As a star ends its time in the main sequence it either becomes a Red Giant and end its life as a White Dwarf or becomes a White Super Giant and ends its life in an explosion (supernova) and if it's really dense it becomes a neutron star or a black hole as mentioned above.
If massive stars did not explode at the end of their lives, they would instead collapse into black holes or neutron stars. This would have implications for the dispersal of heavy elements in the universe, as supernovae play a key role in enriching the cosmos with elements beyond hydrogen and helium. It would also impact the evolution of galaxies and the dynamics of stellar populations.
Stars change over time as they consume their nuclear fuel, causing them to evolve in different ways depending on their initial mass. Young stars fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores, then progress to heavier elements like carbon and oxygen. Some stars end their lives as white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes, while others may go through explosive events like supernovae.
The largest stars end their lives as black holes. These are regions in space with incredibly strong gravitational forces that can trap even light.
Supernovae and nebulas are similar in that they are both astronomical phenomena related to the lifecycle of stars. Nebulas are vast clouds of gas and dust where stars are born, while supernovae are the explosive deaths of massive stars that release heavy elements into space, enriching the surrounding nebula. Both play critical roles in the formation and evolution of galaxies.
"explode as supernovae". These are called Type II supernovae and sometimes a neutron star is formed, not a black hole.
One class of violently exploding stars that experience a sudden increase in luminosity after eruption are supernovae. Supernovae occur when a massive star reaches the end of its life cycle and undergoes a catastrophic explosion, briefly outshining an entire galaxy. These events are crucial for the dispersal of heavy elements and the formation of new stars.
No, red dwarf stars are not made from supernovae. Red dwarf stars are low mass stars that form from the gravitational collapse of gas and dust in interstellar clouds. Supernovae, on the other hand, occur when massive stars reach the end of their life cycle and explode.
The mass of the star is the main factor that determines its fate when it dies. Stars with more mass will undergo more violent and spectacular deaths, such as exploding as supernovae or collapsing into black holes. Less massive stars may end their lives more quietly as white dwarfs or neutron stars.